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Q&A with Henry Ssemunywa

What project are you working on?

I am co-developing a low-cost, frugal flow cytometer that uses microfluidics and compact optical sensors to perform basic cell analysis without the expensive lasers, optics, and fluidics found in conventional systems. The project focuses on simplifying flow control, optical detection, and data acquisition while maintaining reliable cell counting and fluorescence measurement. By leveraging 3D printing, low-cost electronics, and modular design principles, this work aims to create a scalable and adaptable cytometry platform suitable for decentralized laboratories and training environments, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

What problem(s) are you solving?

Conventional flow cytometers are expensive to purchase, maintain, and operate in many LMIC settings. High instrument costs, maintenance requirements, and limited technical support restrict access to these essential diagnostic and research tools. This project addresses these challenges by reducing system complexity and cost, enabling local repair, easy maintenance, and minimizing reliance on proprietary components. The goal is to improve access to cell-based diagnostics and research tools in resource-constrained environments, supporting public health programs, biomedical research, and training capacity.

What brought you to this research?

My background in biomedical research exposed me to the central role of flow cytometry in diagnostics and immunology, as well as the significant inequities in access to this technology. While working at Uganda Virus Research Institute, and learning about research environments in Uganda, I observed how the lack of affordable instrumentation limits both clinical decision making and scientific capacity. This motivated me to explore frugal engineering approaches that combine modern electronics, microfluidics, and open-platform design.